Jäger, E.J. 2011: Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Gefäßpflanzen: Grundband, ed. 20Meikle, R.D. 1985: Flora of Cyprus 2Stace, C. 2010: New flora of the British Isles, ed. 3
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Biennial without rhizomes; stem with basal rosette; leaves with rigid bristles on upperside; involucre 2.4-4(-5) cm wide